Kele Technical Reference
Actuators & Dampers
Control Valves
- Butterfly Valve Advantage
- Sizing Valves for Water and Steam
- Table – Steam Capacity in Pounds per Hour
- Table – Water Capacity in Gallons per Minute
- Valves are the Heart of Your System
Enclosures
Flow
- Air Flow Measuring and Choosing the Right Differential Pressure Transducer
- Air Flow Measurement
- Measuring Air Flow with Pitot and Averaging Tubes
- Measuring Flow in Tight Spots
Gas & Specialty Sensors
- An IAQ Approach That Pays for Itself with Energy Savings
- ASHRAE Interpretation Gives Green Light to CO2 Control
- Calibration of Carbon Dioxide Sensors is Affected by Changes in Altitude
- Carbon Monoxide Sensors Do Not Detect Diesel Exhaust
- Gas Coverage Chart
- What is Demand Based Ventilation?
- Physical Properties of HFCs and HCFCs
- Refrigerant Leak Hazards
- Using CO2 to Know Your Building Better
- Vapor Pressures of HCFCs and HFCs
- What’s Controlling Your Ventilation?
- Why Measure Conductivity?
- Why Measure PH?
Hazardous Locations
- Hazardous Atmospheres: An Introduction
- Hazardous Atmospheres: Explosion Proof
- Hazardous Atmospheres: Intrinsic Safety
- Hazardous Atmospheres: Selecting Intrinsic Safety Barriers
- Intrinsic Safety Spec Calls for Isolated Ground…
- Intrinsically Safe Method of Sensing Switch Closure
Humidity
Level
Miscellaneous
- 4-20mA Signal Goes the Distance
- Accuracy Unraveled
- CE Certification – What is it?
- Chemical Resistance Chart
- Conversion Charts
- Conversion Formulas
- Current to Voltage Conversion for BAS Systems
- Have a Safe Day!
- Links to Industry Related Sites
- Not to be Used as a Life Safety Device
- The Truth About NIST Certification
- Time Constant – What does the Term Mean?
- Understanding Current Sinking, Current Sourcing and Ground Loops
Network & Wireless
Panel Fabrication
Pneumatics
Power Monitoring & Protection
- Benefits of Smart LED Option on Current Switches
- Cost Effective Upgrade
- CT Safety
- Current Transformer Selection Guide
- Current Transformers
- Deregulation of Electric Utilities and the PowerTrak 9000
- Determining Burden For Current Transformers
- Difference in Demand and Sliding Window Demand
- Monitoring DC Current
- Monitoring Higher Voltages
- Power Equations
- Power Factor
- Surge Protection Chart
- Terms Neutral vs. Ground
- The Protection Zone – Applying Surge Protectors
- Using Current Monitoring for Load Analysis
Power Supplies
- Control Voltage Transformer Selection Guide
- Powering Multiple Devices from a Common Transformer
- Sizing Power Supplies for Loop Powered Transmitters
- Understanding the Basics of DC Power Supplies
- Voltage Sensing Inputs on Power Supplies
Pressure
- Controlling Duct Pressure
- Liquid Level Measurement
- Monitoring Room Static Pressure
- Physical Properties of HCFCs and HFCs
- Pressure Equations
- Protecting the Pressure Transmitter
- Providing Steam Isolation & Temperature Protection
- Scaling BAS Inputs for Compound Vacuum/Pressure Transmitters
- Selecting a Pressure Transmitter
- Vacuum Products Scaled to 30 inches hg
- Vapor Pressures of HCFCs and HFCs
- Why do your Model 47 Snubbers come with extra pistons?
Relays & Contactors
- Relay Fundamentals
- Definite Purpose Contactors Making a Humming Noise…
- Form A and Form C Relays
- Relays and Contactors for Lighting Circuits Failing Often
- SPDT Relays for Switching 4-20 mA Signal
Temperature Sensors & Transmitters
- 1000 ohm vs 100 ohm RTD Sensors
- Monitoring Supply and Return along with Local Display
- Nema 3R Rated Temperature Sensors
- Range Calibration of RTD Transmitters
- Sensor Resistance Chart – Precon Thermistors
- Sensor Resistance Chart – RTD Sensors
- The Truth About Thermistors
- Value Beyond Price: PreCon Thermistor Sensors
- Wire Wound RTD and Thin Film RTD
Thermostats & Controllers
- Balancing A Variable Flow Water System Will Ruin the Control System
- Complying with Americans with Disabilities Act and ASHRAE Standard 62-1989
- Control of VAV Systems with DX Cooling
- Designing and Commissioning Variable Flow Hydronic Systems
- Energy Approximation Tips
- Selecting and Controlling Economizer Dampers for VAV Systems with Return Fans
- The Instability of VAV Systems
- The Myth of Pressure Independent VAV Terminals
- Thermostat Selection Tables
- Thermostat Wiring Terminals
- What is the Difference Between Dependent and Pressure Independant VAV boxes?
Transducers
- Floating Control vs. Tri-State Control
- My UPC-422-43-47 Doesn’t Work Properly
- Overpressure or Underpressure on a 4-20mA Scale
- RES-1E Uses
- Signal Conversion Applications
- UCP-422-M2 Manual Override Not Working
- UCS Series Sequencer Uses
- UCS Series Sequencers Factory Settings
