Kele Technical Reference
Actuators & Dampers
Control Systems
- Balancing a Variable Flow Water System Will Ruin the Control System
- Control of VAV Systems with DX Cooling: A Digital to Analog Conversion
- Controlling Chillers in Variable Flow Systems
- Converting Primary/Secondary Chilled Water Systems to All Variable Flow
- Estimating Operating Costs of HVAC Systems
- Improving the Efficiency of Chilled Water Plants
- Microprocessor Control for Large Chilled Water Distribution Systems
- Operating Chillers in Max-Cap Range
Control Valves
- Butterfly Valve Advantage
- Sizing Valves for Water and Steam
- Selecting Valves and Piping Coils
- Selecting Valves for Variable Flow Hydronic Systems
- Valves are the Heart of Your System
Enclosures
Flow
- Air Flow Measuring and Choosing the Right Differential Pressure Transducer
- Air Flow Measurement
- Measuring Air Flow with Pitot and Averaging Tubes
- Measuring Flow in Tight Spots
Gas & Specialty Sensors
- An IAQ Approach That Pays for Itself with Energy Savings
- ASHRAE Interpretation Gives Green Light to CO2 Control
- Calibration of Carbon Dioxide Sensors is Affected by Changes in Altitude
- Carbon Monoxide Sensors Do Not Detect Diesel Exhaust
- Gas Coverage Chart
- What is Demand Based Ventilation?
- Using CO2 to Know Your Building Better
- What’s Controlling Your Ventilation?
Hazardous Locations
- Hazardous Atmospheres: An Introduction
- Hazardous Atmospheres: Explosion Proof
- Hazardous Atmospheres: Intrinsic Safety
- Hazardous Atmospheres: Selecting Intrinsic Safety Barriers
Humidity
Miscellaneous
- 4-20mA Signal Goes the Distance
- Accuracy Unraveled
- Conversion Charts
- Current to Voltage Conversion for BAS Systems
- Have a Safe Day!
- The Truth About NIST Certification
- Understanding Current Sinking, Current Sourcing and Ground Loops
Power Monitoring & Protection
Power Supplies
- Control Voltage Transformer Selection Guide
- Powering Multiple Devices from a Common Transformer
- Sizing Power Supplies for Loop Powered Transmitters
- Understanding the Basics of DC Power Supplies
Pressure
- Controlling Duct Pressure
- Protecting the Pressure Transmitter
- Providing Steam Isolation & Temperature Protection
- Scaling BAS Inputs for Compound Vacuum/Pressure Transmitters
- Selecting a Pressure Transmitter
Relays & Contactors
Temperature Sensors & Transmitters
- 1000 ohm vs 100 ohm RTD Sensors
- Do Averaging Sensors Average?
- Monitoring Supply and Return along with Local Display
- Nema 3R Rated Temperature Sensors
- Range Calibration of RTD Transmitters
- Sensor Resistance Chart – Thermistors
- Sensor Resistance Chart – RTD Sensors
- The Truth About Thermistors
Thermostats & Controllers
- Balancing A Variable Flow Water System Will Ruin the Control System
- Complying with Americans with Disabilities Act and ASHRAE Standard 62-1989
- Control of VAV Systems with DX Cooling
- Designing and Commissioning Variable Flow Hydronic Systems
- Energy Approximation Tips
- Selecting and Controlling Economizer Dampers for VAV Systems with Return Fans
- The Instability of VAV Systems
- The Myth of Pressure Independent VAV Terminals
