Severe winter weather can place significant strain on buildings and their systems. Prolonged cold, snow, ice, and freeze–thaw cycles often lead to issues such as frozen or burst pipes, moisture intrusion, power disruptions, and temporary system shutdowns. As facilities teams work to restore heat, water, and normal operations, many priorities compete for immediate attention.
During this recovery phase, indoor air quality (IAQ) is often addressed later in the process. Cold weather, excess moisture, and periods of reduced ventilation can all influence IAQ conditions during and after winter events, sometimes with effects that persist beyond the initial recovery period.
Moisture intrusion—whether from burst pipes, melting snow, or flooding—can present particular challenges for IAQ and overall building health. When water remains in place, microorganisms may begin to grow and can become airborne, potentially entering HVAC systems. If water damage is not addressed promptly, the impact on both IAQ and HVAC performance can escalate over time. Mold, mildew, allergens, bacteria, and other contaminants are among the risks that may emerge in these conditions.
Beyond moisture-related issues, winter recovery can also exacerbate other common sources of indoor air pollutants, including:
- Excess moisture and elevated humidity levels
- Broken or ineffective HVAC or BAS components
- Outdoor air and pollution sources
- Pesticides
- Risky invisible gases, such as radon
- Indoor materials and furnishings
- Newly installed flooring, cabinetry, or furniture made from certain products
- Deteriorating building materials, such as insulation
- Fuel-burning combustion products, including furnaces
Addressing IAQ concerns typically begins with ensuring that buildings meet established ventilation and air quality standards. ANSI/ASHRAE Standards 62.1 and 62.2 are widely recognized benchmarks for ventilation system design and acceptable indoor air quality and provide a foundation for evaluating system performance.
Once baseline compliance is confirmed, facilities teams may take additional steps to support healthier indoor environments, such as:
- Cleaning areas that may contribute to compromised air quality
- Replacing system filters on a regular schedule
- Using air cleaning or purification devices where appropriate
- Monitoring systems to identify potential issues early
