{"id":2500,"date":"2018-02-27T16:36:15","date_gmt":"2018-02-27T16:36:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kele.com\/content\/?p=2500"},"modified":"2026-03-09T15:34:51","modified_gmt":"2026-03-09T20:34:51","slug":"panels-101-designing-and-building-control-panels","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kele.com\/content\/blog\/panels-101-designing-and-building-control-panels","title":{"rendered":"Panels 101: Designing and Building Control Panels"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section bb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.85&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||0px|&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||0px|&#8221;][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.85&#8243; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|||&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2691\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kele.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Schneider-Electric-logo-color-300x103.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"228\" height=\"79\" srcset=\"\/\/assets.kele.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Schneider-Electric-logo-color-300x103.png 300w, \/\/assets.kele.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Schneider-Electric-logo-color.png 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 228px) 100vw, 228px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">The most critical element that shapes a panel design project must be addressed at the very beginning of a project: where is the completed unit going to be installed? This very basic question dictates the type of protection the enclosure must provide to the equipment. The switchgear inside the enclosure must be protected from the environment, and the plant and people around it must be protected from electrical dangers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">There are three types of external threats capable of causing equipment problems:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">Solid objects, which can range from large pieces to dust<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">Water, which can come with varying levels of force and multiple directions, and<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">Mechanical impact.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">These threats have been quantified and are described in detail in two standards: IEC 60529 (IP) covering solids and water, and IEC 62262 (IK) covering mechanical shock. Temperature is also a consideration and covered later in this series.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">As Table 1 shows, the IP rating uses a two-digit number. The first numeral describes the degree of protection from solids and the second from the water. The higher the number, the higher the level of protection.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.85&#8243; src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.kele.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Table1_revised.jpg&#8221; show_in_lightbox=&#8221;on&#8221; url_new_window=&#8221;off&#8221; use_overlay=&#8221;on&#8221; always_center_on_mobile=&#8221;on&#8221; force_fullwidth=&#8221;off&#8221; show_bottom_space=&#8221;on&#8221; overlay_icon_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; hover_overlay_color=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.38)&#8221; hover_icon=&#8221;%%51%%&#8221; \/][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.85&#8243; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">The IK rating is similar but has only one number between 0 and 10. Again, the higher the number, the greater the level of protection. Most industrial-grade enclosures are IK08 or better.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>What level of protection is necessary?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s1\">One approach is to build every enclosure for the highest protection ratings; however, this adds a high level of complexity and cost. Customers not needing high levels of protection will not want to pay for such an enclosure. It is important to offer enough protection without going too far.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s1\">In most cases, customers are very specific about their final use environment, in which case the panel builder should choose the most optimized protection level to meet the requirement.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s1\">Where situations are not clearly defined, discussions with the customer will be important to answer the full range of questions.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">The importance of determining the protection classifications mentioned earlier\u00a0 will now become clearer as it becomes a major factor in the next phase, avoiding degradation of the IP rating during installation.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s1\">If we look at the installation process, the questions related to mounting the panel should be: where is it going to go, and how will it be fixed in place?<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>What are the mounting methods?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">Fixed to a wall\u2014This is a common approach for small electrical distribution boards.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">Fixed to a floor\u2014This is useful for large and heavy cabinets. Cables can enter through the top or bottom. For bottom entry, the floor can incorporate a trench or false floor, which is often simpler since it provides easier access to the bottom. Additionally, a plinth can be used to raise the panel.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">Mounted on the machinery\u2014In some cases, the control panel is mounted directly on the machine. This approach keeps everything close together and avoids problems related to moving the machinery when the enclosure is fixed to the floor or wall. However, some machinery vibrates which can affect the enclosure over time. Where this is excessive, special provisions may be necessary.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">Movable\u2014This situation is rare, but possible. Usually casters or a skid can be fixed to the bottom of the cabinet, but the greater complication relates to cabling.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Cable Entry<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">A panel used in an application of any complexity will have numerous cables and\/or a busway requiring access.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">Busways are often used as power entries to link the cabinet with the transformer<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">Power cables carry the main supply or power to motors and other pieces of equipment, and<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">Control and command cables, along with communication cables with multiple conductors for data networking, (Ethernet, fieldbus, etc.), extend to sensors and other minimum power devices.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Cable entry points for an enclosure must be designed very carefully, as an incorrect cable gland selection or improper installation degrades the IP rating for the whole panel. Keep in mind that the ultimate rating for a panel is only as good as its worst connection point.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>If you have an upcoming project that requires a custom panel, we can help you win! Kele&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kele.com\/content\/services\/custom-panel-shop?utm_source=wordpress&amp;utm_medium=blog&amp;utm_term=&amp;utm_content=panel_shop&amp;utm_campaign=2018_feb_enews\">Custom Panel Shop<\/a> can save you time and labor.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button admin_label=&#8221;CALL &#8211; phone\/tablet &#8211; Button&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.85&#8243; button_text=&#8221;CALL KELE&#8221; url_new_window=&#8221;off&#8221; button_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; custom_button=&#8221;on&#8221; button_text_size=&#8221;18&#8243; button_text_color=&#8221;#0099cc&#8221; button_bg_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; button_border_radius=&#8221;0&#8243; button_icon_placement=&#8221;right&#8221; button_text_color_hover=&#8221;#0099cc&#8221; button_bg_color_hover=&#8221;#dddddd&#8221; button_border_radius_hover=&#8221;0&#8243; button_border_color=&#8221;#0099cc&#8221; button_border_color_hover=&#8221;#0099cc&#8221; disabled=&#8221;off&#8221; disabled_on=&#8221;off|off|on&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;10px|42px|10px|42px&#8221; button_font=&#8221;Arial|700|||||||&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px|75px|0px|75px&#8221; saved_tabs=&#8221;all&#8221; \/][et_pb_button admin_label=&#8221;EMAIL &#8211; desktop &#8211; Button&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.85&#8243; button_text=&#8221;EMAIL KELE&#8221; url_new_window=&#8221;off&#8221; button_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; custom_button=&#8221;on&#8221; button_text_size=&#8221;18&#8243; button_text_color=&#8221;#0099cc&#8221; button_bg_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; button_border_radius=&#8221;0&#8243; button_icon_placement=&#8221;right&#8221; button_text_color_hover=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; button_bg_color_hover=&#8221;#dddddd&#8221; button_border_radius_hover=&#8221;0&#8243; button_border_color=&#8221;#0099cc&#8221; button_border_color_hover=&#8221;#0099cc&#8221; disabled=&#8221;off&#8221; disabled_on=&#8221;on|on|off&#8221; button_url=&#8221;mailto: panel@kele.com&#8221; button_font=&#8221;Arial|700|||||||&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-50px|75px|10px|75px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;10px|40px|10px|40px&#8221; saved_tabs=&#8221;all&#8221; \/][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The most critical element that shapes a panel design&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">The most critical element that shapes a panel design project must be addressed at the very beginning of a project: where is the completed unit going to be installed? This very basic question dictates the type of protection the enclosure must provide to the equipment. The electrical switchgear inside the enclosure must be protected from the environment, and the plant and people around it must be protected from electrical dangers.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">There are three types of external threats capable of causing equipment problems:<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"ul1\"><li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">Solid objects, which can range from large pieces to dust<\/span><\/li><li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">Water, which can come with varying levels of force and multiple directions, and<\/span><\/li><li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">Mechanical impact.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">These threats have been quantified and are described in detail in two standards: IEC 60529 (IP) covering solids and water, and IEC 62262 (IK) covering mechanical shock. Temperature is also a consideration and covered later in this series.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">As Table 1 shows, the IP rating uses a two-digit number. The first numeral describes the degree of protection from solids and the second from water. The higher the number, the higher the level of protection.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">Table 1<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s1\">The IK rating is similar but has only one number between 0 and 10. Again, the higher the number, the greater the level of protection. Most industrial-grade enclosures are IK08 or better.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>What level of protection is necessary?<\/b><\/span><\/p><p class=\"p5\"><span class=\"s1\">One approach is to build every enclosure for the highest protection ratings; however, this adds a high level of complexity and cost. Customers not needing high levels of protection will not want to pay for such an enclosure. It is important to offer enough protection without going too far.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s1\">In most cases, customers are very specific about their final use environment, in which case the panel builder should choose the most optimized protection level to meet the requirement.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s1\">Where situations are not clearly defined, discussions with the customer will be important to answer the full range of questions.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">The importance of determining the protection classifications mentioned earlier\u00a0 will now become clearer as it becomes a major factor in the next phase, avoiding degradation of the IP rating during installation.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s1\">If we look at the installation process, the questions related to mounting the panel should be: where is it going to go, and how will it be fixed in place?<\/span><\/p><p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>What are the mounting methods?<\/b><\/span><\/p><ul class=\"ul1\"><li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">Fixed to a wall\u2014This is a common approach for small electrical distribution boards.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">Fixed to a floor\u2014This is useful for large and heavy cabinets. Cables can enter through the top or bottom. For bottom entry, the floor can incorporate a trench or false floor, which is often simpler since it provides easier access to the bottom. Additionally, a plinth can be used to raise the panel.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">Mounted on the machinery\u2014In some cases, the electrical panel is mounted directly on the machine. This approach keeps everything close together and avoids problems related to moving the machinery when the enclosure is fixed to the floor or wall. However, some machinery vibrates which can affect the enclosure over time. Where this is excessive, special provisions may be necessary.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">Moveable\u2014This situation is rare, but possible. Usually casters or a skid can be fixed to the bottom of the cabinet, but the greater complication relates to cabling.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Cable Entry<\/b><\/span><\/p><p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">A panel used in an application of any complexity will have numerous cables and\/or a busway requiring access.<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"ul1\"><li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">Busways are often used as power entries to link the cabinet with the transformer<\/span><\/li><li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">Power cables carry the main supply or power to motors and other pieces of equipment, and<\/span><\/li><li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">Control and command cables, along with communication cables with multiple conductors for data networking, (Ethernet, fieldbus, etc.), extend to sensors and other minimum power devices.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Cable entry points for an enclosure must be designed very carefully, as an incorrect cable gland selection or improper installation degrades the IP rating for the whole panel. Keep in mind that the ultimate rating for a panel is only as good as its worst connection point.<\/span><\/p>","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[161],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2500","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-panel-shop"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\r\n<title>Panels 101: Designing and Building Control Panels - kele.com<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kele.com\/content\/blog\/panels-101-designing-and-building-control-panels\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Panels 101: Designing and Building Control Panels - kele.com\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The most critical element that shapes a panel design...\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.kele.com\/content\/blog\/panels-101-designing-and-building-control-panels\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"kele.com\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-02-27T16:36:15+00:00\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-03-09T20:34:51+00:00\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/assets.kele.com\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Schneider-Electric-logo-color.png\" \/>\r\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"360\" \/>\r\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"123\" \/>\r\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Kele Inc\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kele Inc\" \/>\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.kele.com\\\/content\\\/blog\\\/panels-101-designing-and-building-control-panels#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.kele.com\\\/content\\\/blog\\\/panels-101-designing-and-building-control-panels\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kele Inc\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.kele.com\\\/content\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/759cbd0e294ee37f0c4cd2630505e0cd\"},\"headline\":\"Panels 101: Designing and Building Control Panels\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-02-27T16:36:15+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-03-09T20:34:51+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.kele.com\\\/content\\\/blog\\\/panels-101-designing-and-building-control-panels\"},\"wordCount\":996,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.kele.com\\\/content\\\/blog\\\/panels-101-designing-and-building-control-panels#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.kele.com\\\/content\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/02\\\/Schneider-Electric-logo-color-300x103.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"Panel Shop\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.kele.com\\\/content\\\/blog\\\/panels-101-designing-and-building-control-panels#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.kele.com\\\/content\\\/blog\\\/panels-101-designing-and-building-control-panels\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.kele.com\\\/content\\\/blog\\\/panels-101-designing-and-building-control-panels\",\"name\":\"Panels 101: Designing and Building Control Panels - 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